Heartburn/Reflux/GERD
Heartburn manifests as a burning sensation in the chest, often occurring after meals and caused by stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus. This common issue affects millions globally and, if not properly managed, can lead to significant discomfort and complications. It used to be thought that too much stomach acid was the primary cause of heartburn, but we now know that too little stomach acid is more often the cause. Either the food is sitting in the digestive system too long because there is not enough stomach acid to break it down or the lower esophageal valve is not malfunctioning and fails to keep the content of the stomach from rising into the esophagus.
Symptoms and Causes
Symptoms:
Burning in the chest, throat, or neck, often behind the breastbone
Difficulty swallowing
Sour or Hot taste in the mouth
Sensation of food being stuck in the throat or chest
Chronic Cough, sore throat or hoarseness
Causes
low stomach acid
excess stomach acid
overeating
dietary triggers (Food allergies, sensitivities)
smoking
drugs
stress
Anxiety
infections (H.pylori or other infectious overgrowth)
Structural issues (hiatal hernia)
Certain Health conditions
Too much coffee or caffeine
Drugs
Consuming too much sugar or refined carbs
certain medication
structural issues like a hiatal hernia or LES dysfunction
Inflammation
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) malfunctions, allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus, leading to persistent symptoms and potential complications.Potential complications include esophagitis, esophageal strictures, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, laryngeal disease, respiratory issues, sleep disturbances, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).